אונטערשייד צווישן ווערסיעס פון "רוי:היסטאריע פון רוסלאנד"

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After the 13th century, [[Moscow]] gradually came to dominate the former cultural center.<ref name = Curtis/> By the 18th century, the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] had become the huge [[Russian Empire]], stretching from [[Poland]] eastward to the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Expansion in the western direction sharpened Russia's awareness of its separation from much of the rest of Europe and shattered the isolation in which the initial stages of expansion had occurred. Successive regimes of the 19th century responded to such pressures with a combination of halfhearted reform and repression. [[Russian serfdom]] was [[Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia|abolished in 1861]], but its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the [[peasant]]s and served to increase revolutionary pressures. Between the abolition of serfdom and the beginning of [[World War I]] in 1914, the [[Stolypin reform]]s, the [[Russian Constitution of 1906|constitution of 1906]] and [[Duma|State Duma]] introduced notable changes to the economy and politics of Russia,<ref>See Jacob Walkin, ''The Rise of Democracy in Pre-Revolutionary Russia: Political and Social Institutions under the Last Three Czars'', Praeger, 1962.</ref> but the [[tsar]]s were still not willing to relinquish [[autocracy|autocratic]] rule, or share their power.<ref>[http://www.ciaonet.org/atlas/countries/ru_data_loc.html#a0 CIAO - Atlas - Russia]</ref>